The Danish Excavations in Lindos Begin – A Quest for Ancient Lindos

In 1902, the Carlsberg Institute of Denmark launched an extensive excavation campaign in Lindos under the direction of Karl Frederik Kinch and Christian Blinkenberg. The project aimed to systematically unearth the layers of history hidden beneath the ruins of the Acropolis.

Excavations in Lindos continued for over a decade (1902–1914), only to be interrupted by World War I. Work resumed in 1952, further deepening the understanding of Lindos’ ancient past. However, the site’s long history of occupation—from the Greeks and Romans to the Byzantines, the Knights of St. John, and the Ottomans—made excavation efforts particularly complex.

Each layer held remnants of a different civilization, creating both an archaeological treasure trove and a puzzle for researchers.

Groundbreaking Discoveries – A Chronicle of Lindos’ Past

Among the most significant finds of the Danish excavations in Lindos were:

1. The Doric Temple of Athena Lindia 🏛️

The centerpiece of the Lindos Acropolis, this temple dates back to the 4th century BCE. The excavation revealed its intricate design, offering insights into the religious practices of the ancient Lindians. The temple, dedicated to Athena, was a major pilgrimage site in antiquity.

2. The Propylaea (Monumental Gateway) & Stoa (Colonnade)

The grand entrance to the temple complex, the Propylaea, was a magnificent structure that once welcomed worshippers. Nearby, the stoa, a long colonnaded walkway, provided a space for gatherings and ceremonies.

3. The Lindian Temple Chronicle (99 BCE) 📜

Perhaps the most extraordinary discovery was the Lindian Temple Chronicle, a detailed record compiled by a local antiquarian in 99 BCE. This unique inscription listed mythical and historical dedications made to the temple from across the Mediterranean. It provided invaluable information about religious practices, trade connections, and the importance of Lindos in the ancient world.

4. The Ancient Greek Theatre of Lindos 🎭

Beneath the modern town, excavations in Lindos also uncovered an ancient Greek theater carved into the hillside. Capable of seating thousands, this theater was a testament to Lindos’ cultural and artistic significance.

Controversies & Challenges – The Dark Side of Archaeology

While the Danish excavations in Lindos brought remarkable discoveries, they also stirred controversy.

1. The Struggles of Multi-Layered Excavation

Given Lindos’ long history of successive occupations, archaeologists faced immense difficulty interpreting and preserving the layers correctly. The site’s complexity led to disputes over how best to document and restore the ruins.

2. Italian Restorations – A Blessing or a Curse?

During the Italian occupation of Rhodes (1912–1945), restoration efforts were carried out at Lindos—but with questionable methods. The northeast side of the Temple of Athena was rebuilt, the monumental staircase to the Propylaea was reconstructed, and many Hellenistic columns were re-erected.

However, these efforts often involved the use of modern materials like concrete, and important artifacts were removed from their original locations, disrupting historical accuracy. By modern standards, these restorations are considered harmful to the archaeological record.

The Legacy of the Danish Excavations in Lindos

Despite the controversies, the work of Kinch, Blinkenberg, and their team laid the foundation for future archaeological research in Lindos. Their meticulous documentation, particularly of the Temple of Athena and the Lindian Chronicle, remains a vital source for scholars today.

In recent years, the Greek Ministry of Culture has collaborated with international archaeologists to ensure that Lindos’ ancient ruins are properly preserved and studied. Today, Lindos continues to be one of Greece’s most visited historical sites, drawing thousands of travelers eager to witness its legendary past.

Visiting the Excavation Sites Today

For modern visitors, the legacy of the Danish excavations in Lindos is still visible:

• The Acropolis of Lindos 🏛️ – The ruins of the temple, propylaea, and stoa remain a breathtaking sight.
• The Lindian Temple Chronicle 📜 – While the original inscription is preserved elsewhere, reproductions and translations are available at local museums.
• The Ancient Theatre of Lindos 🎭 – Though less famous than Athens’ theaters, this site provides a glimpse into ancient Lindian entertainment.
• Lindos Village 🌿 – Walking through the picturesque whitewashed town, visitors can reflect on the layers of history hidden beneath their feet.

Conclusion

The Danish excavations in Lindos revealed a wealth of history buried beneath the island’s rocky landscape. From uncovering the grandeur of the Temple of Athena Lindia to deciphering the enigmatic Lindian Temple Chronicle, these efforts provided unparalleled insights into one of Greece’s most fascinating ancient cities.